PYLORIC STENOSIS

Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the pyloric outlet secondary to idiopathic hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle. It occurs in ~1/1000 births.
The male:female ratio is 5:1.
Infants usually present with vomiting
at 3-6 weeks of life.
The emesis is non-bilious and can be “projectile”.
If the vomiting is prolonged, the
infants can develop poor weight gain and dehydration (hypochloremic alkalosis). Diagnosis can be made clinically by history and physical exam. The hypertrophied pylorus can sometimes be palpated on abdominal exam (“olive”).
Pyloric sonograms and UGI series can also be helpful in making the
diagnosis.
Treatment is almost always surgical.