What Causes GERD?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, or GERD, is a chronic, often progressive condition resulting from a weak Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES). When left untreated, serious complications can result, including: esophagitis, stricture, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal cancer.
The LES is a muscle at the junction of the esophagus and stomach that functions as the body's natural barrier to reflux. The LES acts like a valve, allowing food and liquid to pass through to the stomach. Normally, the LES closes immediately after swallowing, preventing reflux. (Fig. 1) However, in people with GERD, the LES is weak, allowing acid and bile to reflux from the stomach into the esophagus. (Fig. 2)
Symptoms of GERD
People experience symptoms of GERD in a variety of ways. The most common symptom of GERD is heartburn.
Other symptoms may include:
Other symptoms may include:
- Regurgitation
- Sore throat
- Cough
- Chest pain
Treatment Options - NON MEDICAL OPTIONS
Treatment options for people who suffer from GERD vary widely depending on the severity and symptoms of their disease, however, there are currently three primary means of treating GERD: lifestyle changes, medical therapy and surgical intervention. Always consult your physician when considering treatment options.
Lifestyle Changes
Infrequent heartburn may be controlled by lifestyle changes such as weight loss, smoking cessation and eating modifications.
Taking the following steps may aid in reducing the frequency and severity of reflux episodes:
- Eating smaller meals
- Avoiding spicy foods, alcohol, coffee and chocolate
- Remaining upright after meals
- Eating evening meals several hours before going to bed
- Sleeping with the head of the mattress elevated
Taking steps such as these may help to reduce the symptoms associated with infrequent reflux, however, for patients who have moderate to severe GERD, lifestyle changes alone may not completely relieve symptoms.
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